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Hoja de Ruta para las energías renovables en Centroamérica

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El Worldwatch Institute y el INCAE Business School exploran la situación actual y potencial de las energías renovables (eólica, termosolar, geotérmica y energía solar fotovoltaica) en la región.
Aproximadamente, el 22% de la electricidad en el mundo proviene de recursos renovables, y Centroamérica ya es parte de esa transición global. Además de que la región es líder mundial en la energía hidroeléctrica, la mayoría de los países en Centroamérica están desarrollando proyectos de energía eólica. Sin embargo, según el nuevo reporte del Worldwatch Institute, La Ruta hacia el Futuro para la Energía Renovable en Centroamérica, la región se encuentra lejos de aprovechar al máximo sus enormes recursos de energía renovable.
“Centroamérica se encuentra en una encrucijada,” dice Alexander Ochs, el Director de Clima y Energía en Worldwatch y coautor del estudio. “Mientras las economías de Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, y Panamá se expanden, el uso regional de combustibles fósiles está creciendo rápidamente y el uso tradicional de la leña, principalmente para cocinar, sigue siendo insosteniblemente alto. Estos desarrollos vienen en conjunto con costos de salud, sociales, y económicos, incluyendo las crecientes emisiones de gases de invernadero y el empeoramiento de la calidad del aire y del agua. Centroamérica tiene el potencial de satisfacer 100% de su demanda de electricidad con energía renovable sostenible, pero las regulaciones y medidas necesarias tienen que establecerse ahora.”

Este reporte evalúa la situación actual de las tecnologías de energía renovable en Centroamérica y analiza las condiciones para su desarrollo en el futuro. Se identifican importantes brechas de conocimiento e información, se evalúan barreras financieras y políticas, y se sugieren maneras de superar éstas barreras. El estudio sirve como “una hoja de ruta de una hoja de ruta,” y evalúa mejoras necesarias para facilitar la transición a un sistema de energía sostenible y para establecer la metodología y el trabajo preliminar necesario para una estrategia regional y nacional completa.

“Los países de Centroamérica han hecho declaraciones que expresan voluntad política para el futuro desarrollo de recursos renovables, e incluso algunos de ellos han progresado significativamente. Sin embargo, cabe aún mejorar para alcanzar el máximo potencial de la región,” dice Ana María Majano, Directora Asociada del Centro Latinoamericano para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Sostenible (CLACDS) de INCAE Business School y la coautora de este estudio. “En muchos casos, los países carecen de metas firmes a largo plazo y de una estrategia de desarrollo coherente para alcanzarlas. Los instrumentos de política concretos no existen o no funcionan apropiadamente y la ineficiencia administrativa muchas veces impide su implementación completa.

Este reporte está enfocado en cuatro áreas de “alto impacto” para la transición de los sistemas energéticos de Centroamérica:

Expandir el acceso a la energía sostenible a comunidades sub-atendidas a través de energía renovable distribuida. En toda Centroamérica se estima que 7 millones de personas tienen acceso limitado o no tienen acceso a servicios de electricidad. De acuerdo a este estudio, ya que muchas de ellas viven lejos de las redes nacionales de electricidad, es muy probable que los sistemas de energía centralizados nunca vayan a alcanzarlas.

Desacelerar el uso creciente de combustibles fósiles para la generación de energía centralizada. A pesar de las nuevas inversiones en energía renovable de gran escala conectadas a la red—-como energía geotérmica, de biomasa, eólica, y solar—-muchos países Centroamericanos tienen planes para incrementar sus importaciones de petróleo, carbón, y gas natural. “Nuestra investigación demuestra que lo que es evidente es que la región paga un precio enorme socioeconómicamente por su dependencia del uso tradicional de la leña y de combustibles fósiles importados,” dice Adam Dolezal, Gerente de Proyecto de la Iniciativa de Energía Sostenible de Centroamérica del Worldwatch Institute. “Al integrar las externalidades clave como lo son los costos de salud y de contaminación, así como las pérdidas de oportunidades económicas como la creación de empleos, con los costos de generar energía de diferentes fuentes, la ventaja competitiva de las soluciones de energía limpia se vuelve todavía más clara.”

Abordar más agresivamente el uso insostenible de la leña para cocinar. El uso tradicional de la biomasa, especialmente la leña para cocinar, continua siendo más de una tercera parte del consumo de energía en la región. Además, varios países en la región están buscando establecer o expandir la producción de biocombustibles para la transportación. Fuentes alternativas de biomasa, así como mejores prácticas de cosecha y consumo, abarcan el primer paso; la energía renovable debe ser el segundo paso.
Afrontar el crecimiento rápido del uso de energía para la transportación, un sector que en algunos países ya contribuye la mayor parte de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono. El reporte nota que aunque los gobiernos centroamericanos están comenzando a implementar medidas para desacelerar el consumo de energía y diversificar sus combustibles para el sector de transportación, estos esfuerzos tienen que ser amplificados enormemente si las metas de clima y desarrollo van a ser alcanzadas.

La Ruta hacia el Futuro para la Energía Renovable en Centroamérica se basa en la información más reciente y disponible para ofrecer un estudio exhaustivo de la energía renovable en Centroamérica hasta la fecha, proporcionando recomendaciones claves para seguir adelante y resaltar brechas de información y pasos de acción en las áreas de tecnología, socioeconomía, finanzas, y de política. El reporte es la culminación de la primera fase de la Iniciativa de Energía Sostenible de Centroamérica de Worldwatch, lanzado en conjunto con CLACDS, basado en Costa Rica y Nicaragua, y financiado por la Alianza Clima y Desarrollo (CDKN) y la Alianza en Energía y Ambiente con Centroamérica (EEP).

Haz click aqui para descargar una copia del reporte, La Ruta hacia el Futuro para la Energía Renovable en Centroamérica. Para mayor información o para requisitos de entrevistas, por favor contacte a Supriya Kumar al skumar@worldwatch.org.

Worldwatch Institute:
Worldwatch es una organización independiente de investigación basada en Washington, D.C. que trabaja en asuntos de energía, recursos, y del medio ambiente. El reporte del instituto titulado State of the World es publicado anualmente en más de una docena de idiomas. El Programa de Clima y Energía de Worldwatch busca acelerar la transición a una economía baja en emisiones de gas invernadero basada en el uso sostenible de recursos de energía renovables, el incremento de eficiencias energéticas, el uso de prácticas de agricultura verdes, y la transportación baja en carbono. Para mayor información, visite el blog que es actualizado constantemente, Re|Volt, al www.blogs.worldwatch.org/revolt/, y el sitio principal del instituto, www.worldwatch.org.

INCAE Business School:
El INCAE Business School es una organización privada, sin fines de lucro, multinacional, y de educación superior dedicada a la enseñanza y la investigación en ámbitos de negocio y economía. El Centro Latinoamericano para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Sostenible (CLACDS) es el centro principal de investigación e impacto de INCAE, y tiene un gran historial de colaboración con organizaciones regionales e internacionales en la promoción de sostenibilidad en el sector de energía, a través del desarrollo de estudios de caso, promoción de diálogo, y actividades de capacitación. Para mayor información, visite www.incae.edu/.

Alianza Clima y Desarrollo (CDKN):
La Alianza Clima y Desarrollo (CDKN) brinda apoyo a los tomadores de decisión en el diseño y entrega de un desarrollo compatible con el clima. Lo conseguimos a través de una combinación entre investigación, servicios de asesoría y gestión del conocimiento, en apoyo a procesos políticos propios y gestionados a nivel local. Trabajamos en colaboración con tomadores de decisión del sector público, privado y no gubernamental, a nivel nacional, regional y global. Nos sostenemos firmemente a los ideales de desarrollo humano y sostenibilidad ambiental. Para mayor información, visite www.cdkn.org.

Alianza en Energía y Ambiente con Centroamérica (AEA):
La Alianza en Energía y Ambiente con Centroamérica (AEA) es una iniciativa originada en el marco de la Cumbre Mundial de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas en Johannesburgo 2002, con el objetivo de promover las energías renovables en los países de Centroamérica, para contribuir al desarrollo sostenible y a la mitigación del cambio climático global. Para mayor información, visite www.sica.int/energia/index_en.aspx?Idm=2&IdmStyle=2.

Para mayor información, haz click aqui.



Eólica en Uruguay: parque eólico en Sierra de las Ánimas con 19 aerogeneradores

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La Junta fue la instalación de 19 aeronegeneradores eólicos en un solo padrón, mientras que la solicitud original planteaba 23 turbinas eólicas seis padrones.

La Junta Departamental de Maldonado aprobó la instalación de un parque eólico sobre la Sierra de las Ánimas.

Después de varias semanas de postergación, el proyecto eólico fue habilitado con los votos de los 17 ediles del Frente Amplio. El Partido Nacional rechazó en bloque la iniciativa, con el argumento de que no hubo tiempo suficiente para analizarla con seriedad. El Partido Colorado no se presentó en Sala.

El emprendimiento estará ubicado en la zona denominada Abra del Betete. Los pobladores de la zona argumentan que el parque eólico afectará el ecosistema en forma negativa. 

SCHOTT Supplies Molten Salt Receivers to Enel

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The Italian power company Enel will install molten salt receivers with technology from SCHOTT when modernizing certain parts of the world's largest molten salt cocnentrated solar power plant.


The international technology group supplied around 450 so-called “High Temperature Molten Salt Receivers” for use in the Archimede solar power plant in Sicily this summer. With a capacity of approximately 5 MW, the Archimede project is currently the largest CSP plant that operates on the basis of molten salt technology. Moreover, ENEL and SCHOTT are working together on the EU project ARCHETYPE aimed at building a commercial 30 MW parabolic trough power plant that also employs molten salt technology.
The uniqueness of molten salt technology is that molten salt is used as a heat carrier in the solar area of the power plant. In the past, receivers have used solar radiation to heat up thermal oil to a maximum temperature of 400°C. But with molten salt as the heat carrier, operating temperatures of up to 550°C are now possible. This means the power plant can be operated even more efficiently and generate electricity at a much lower cost.
Due to the high operating temperatures, these types of plants pose new challenges for the components used in the power plant. First and foremost, as the core components of the solar field, the receivers must be designed to stand up to these extreme operating conditions. In this case, a special type of steel had to be developed in cooperation with leading companies in the steel industry and then be qualified before being put to commercial use.
Dr. Nikolaus Benz, the Managing Director of SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH responsible for Development, Quality and Manufacturing, adds: “The success of molten salt technology represents an important milestone in increasing the efficiency of CSP power plants and achieving a sustained reduction in the costs of generating electricity with these power plants. We at SCHOTT are pleased to be able to make an important contribution to the future success of CSP technology by developing these special receivers.”
The Archimede project went into operation in the summer of 2010 and extends an existing combined gas-steam power plant through its capacities. The solar part of the plant generates 5 MW of power, enough to supply 4,500 households with electricity. In addition, the molten hot salt can be stored directly in large intermediate storage tanks and then be used to generate electricity even during cloudy weather and at night.

SCHOTT is an international technology group with more than 125 years of experience in the areas of specialty glasses and materials and advanced technologies. SCHOTT ranks number one in the world with many of its products. Its core markets are the household appliance, pharmaceuticals, electronics, optics, solar power, transportation and architecture industries. The company is strongly committed to contributing to its customers’ success and making SCHOTT an important part of people’s lives with its high-quality products and intelligent solutions. SCHOTT is committed to managing its business in a sustainable manner and supporting its employees, society and the environment. The SCHOTT Group maintains close proximity to its customers with manufacturing and sales units in 35 different countries. Its workforce of around 16,000 employees generated worldwide sales of approximately 2 billion euros for the 2011/2012 fiscal year. SCHOTT AG, with its headquarters in Mainz, Germany, is owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation.





Vestas to supply first V110-2.0 MW wind turbines for 400 MW in USA

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Vestas will manufacture and supply its first V110-2.0 MW wind turbines for a combined 400 MW to EDP Renováveis (EDPR) for wind-energy projects in the United States.


These projects are part of the master supply agreement to deliver 1,500 MW to wind power plants in North America, South America and Europe announced April 26, 2010. EDPR selected the V110-2.0 MW because of its competitive cost of energy compared with other options.
The V110-2.0 MW turbines are expected to be delivered and commissioned in 2014 and 2015. The new projects’ names and specific locations are not available for disclosure at this time.
 “Vestas has successfully worked with EDPR for the past eight years to deliver many wind-power projects around the world,” said Chris Brown, President of Vestas’ sales and service division in the United States and Canada. “We look forward to supplying EDPR our new V110-2.0 MW wind turbine, which is a variant of the V100-1.8 MW that can provide over 13 per cent higher annual energy production compared with its predecessor. Our 2-MW platform has a long track record of success and reliability. The V110-2.0 MW will provide clean, reliable and low cost electricity for decades.
Vestas’ factories in Colorado will manufacture the blades, towers and nacelles for these projects.
The projects include five-year service agreements featuring the Active Output Management (AOM) 5000 offering. AOM 5000 is an energy-based availability guarantee that ensures the turbines are operational when the wind is blowing. This service option includes the VestasOnline® surveillance system that remotely controls and monitors the turbines and predicts potential wear-and-tear issues. This allows Vestas to plan maintenance so the turbines operate with the minimum amount of lost production.
 With over 57 GW of installed capacity worldwide and 62 per cent more capacity installed than its closest competitor, Vestas is the global leader in wind energy. Since 1979, Vestas has supplied about 50,000 wind turbines in 73 countries. Vestas provides jobs for more than 17,000 people at its service and project sites, research facilities, factories and offices all over the world. Vestas’ U.S. and Canadian sales and service headquarters is in Portland, Ore., and its global headquarters is in Aarhus, Denmark.

Reichhold Granted Research Funds for Innovative Project within Wind Energy

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Reichhold’s Technology Center in Sandefjord, Norway has been granted 7,1 mill NOK (approximately 1 mill EUR) over a 3 year period for the RenWind project under the Norwegian Research Council’s clean energy program. 

The RenWind project’s objective is to develop environmentally friendly and cost-efficient high performance no emission vinyl hybrid resin systems for production of windmill blades.

The funds are to be used on external tests and research work. Equivalent amount of work will have to be performed by Reichhold internally. Partnerships have been formed with several renowned institutes like SINTEF Materials and Chemistry (MC) and DTU Wind Energy, Section for Composites and Materials Mechanics (Former Risø National Laboratory).

SINTEF MC is an institute in the largest independent research organization in Scandinavia. The Institute offers a high level of expertise in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology, applied chemistry and bio-technology. They collaborate closely with industry in the development of advanced materials, products, processes and tools.

DTU Wind Energy is known as the most competent European Research Institute on composite solutions for Wind energy.

Technology Director for Europe Egil Holtmon says: “This is an acknowledgement of the research work performed in Reichhold over years and recognizes Reichhold as one of the leaders in innovation in the Composites industry.

Wind energy will continue to be one of the strongest growth segments for composite materials in the coming years. By introducing vinyl hybrid systems with low or no VOC emission, we aim at providing innovative, sustainable materials which can contribute to the growth of wind energy by offering more cost-efficient solutions compared to currently used materials, like epoxy.” 





Consistent development of offshore wind energy allows for substantial cost reduction potentials

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The study was commissioned by the German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation together with RWE Innogy and other companies and associations of the offshore wind industry. 

 A new study of Prognos AG and The Fichtner Group arrives at the conclusion that the cost of electricity from offshore wind power can be reduced by about one third if offshore wind power is consistently developed over the next ten years.

"The identified cost reduction potentials are based on the assumption that offshore wind power will be continuously developed and reach a capacity of 9 Gigawatt or more by the year 2023. This is the way to gain project experience, to promote technological innovation and to significantly decrease costs," said Jens Eckhoff, President of the Foundation OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE, at today's presentation of the study in Berlin. Eckhoff continued: "Offshore wind power has a substantial cost reduction potential. However, the industry can only exploit this potential if there are reliable framework conditions to achieve significant market volumes." The study was commissioned by the German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation, Stiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE, together with associations and companies of the offshore wind industry.

The experience from initial projects can only be used if there is a continuous market development

The study analyses the expected cost development of electricity generation from offshore wind power until the year 2023. For this purpose, two development scenarios were applied to evaluate three typical German sites for offshore wind farms. The first scenario assumes a stable market development and describes the development of at least 9 GW installed capacity in Germany by the year 2023. In this scenario, the cost of offshore wind power decreases on average by about 31 percent across all sites until 2023. The second scenario assumes an optimum market environment with a development of 14 GW until 2023. In this case, costs could decrease by up to 39 percent. "The main driver for the cost reduction is a continuous technological development across the entire value-added chain. Particularly regarding investment costs, substantial savings can be achieved. Costs for support structures and other components as well as for the installation go down. Larger turbines reduce specific investment costs as the energy yield substantially increases," said Frank Peter of Prognos AG, co-author of the study.

The study also shows that due to increasing experience in project planning, plant construction and operation, the risks - and subsequently the financing costs - can be reduced. In addition, improved logistics, such as the use of more powerful ships and an optimised infrastructure, can positively affect the costs of offshore plant operation and maintenance. The analysis also shows that in an optimum market environment an expanded serial production and increasing competition will contribute to cost reduction.

Eckhoff explained: "In Germany, we have a number of projects ready and waiting. Currently they lack the required investment security. In order to be able to use the experience gained from the first German offshore wind farms and to promote the further development of the industry, a timely implementation of these projects is necessary. This way offshore wind energy can make an essential contribution to tomorrow's energy supply."

Who commissioned and supported this study?
The study was initiated and commissioned by The German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation, with the support of other organisations such as Forum Windenergie (OFW), VDMA Fachverband Power Systems, Windenergie-Agentur WAB e.V. as well as the companies Wind GmbH, BARD Engineering GmbH, DONG Energy Renewables Germany GmbH, EnBW Erneuerbare und Konventionelle Erzeugung AG, E.ON Climate & Renewables Central Europe GmbH, EWE Vertrieb GmbH, IBERDROLA Renovables Offshore Deutschland Zwei GmbH, RWE Innogy GmbH, SIEMENS AG Wind Power Power Division, SWM Stadtwerke München GmbH, Trianel Windkraftwerk Borkum GmbH & Co. KG, Vattenfall Europe Windkraft GmbH, WindMW GmbH, and wpd Offshore GmbH.

Fukushima much worse than reported

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It is leaking out from the basements, it is leaking out from the cracks all over the place”, Mycle Schneider, Nuclear consultant.
Satellite images show how the number of water storage tanks has increased in the past two years. The tanks store contaminated water that has been used to cool the reactors.
 
A nuclear expert has told the BBC that he believes the current water leaks at Fukushima are much worse than the authorities have stated.
Mycle Schneider is an independent consultant who has previously advised the French and German governments.
He says water is leaking out all over the site and there are no accurate figures for radiation levels.
Meanwhile the chairman of Japan's nuclear authority said that he feared there would be further leaks.
The ongoing problems at the Fukushima plant increased in recent days when the Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site.
Water from the storage tanks has seeped into the groundwater and then into the sea. Efforts to use a chemical barrier to prevent sea contamination have not worked.

The Japanese nuclear energy watchdog raised the incident level from one to three on the international scale that measures the severity of atomic accidents.
This was an acknowledgement that the power station was in its greatest crisis since the reactors melted down after the tsunami in 2011.
But some nuclear experts are concerned that the problem is a good deal worse than either Tepco or the Japanese government are willing to admit.
They are worried about the enormous quantities of water, used to cool the reactor cores, which are now being stored on site.
Some 1,000 tanks have been built to hold the water. But these are believed to be at around 85% of their capacity and every day an extra 400 tonnes of water are being added.
"The quantities of water they are dealing with are absolutely gigantic," said Mycle Schneider, who has consulted widely for a variety of organisations and countries on nuclear issues.
"What is the worse is the water leakage everywhere else - not just from the tanks. It is leaking out from the basements, it is leaking out from the cracks all over the place. Nobody can measure that.
"It is much worse than we have been led to believe, much worse," said Mr Schneider, who is lead author for the World Nuclear Industry status reports.
At news conference, the head of Japan's nuclear regulation authority Shunichi Tanaka appeared to give credence to Mr Schneider's concerns, saying that he feared there would be further leaks.
``We should assume that what has happened once could happen again, and prepare for more. We are in a situation where there is no time to waste," he told reporters.
The lack of clarity about the water situation and the continued attempts by Tepco to deny that water was leaking into the sea has irritated many researchers.
Dr Ken Buesseler is a senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution who has examined the waters around Fukushima.
"It is not over yet by a long shot, Chernobyl was in many ways a one week fire-explosive event, nothing with the potential of this right on the ocean."
"We've been saying since 2011 that the reactor site is still leaking whether that's the buildings and the ground water or these new tank releases. There's no way to really contain all of this radioactive water on site."
"Once it gets into the ground water, like a river flowing to the sea, you can't really stop a ground water flow. You can pump out water, but how many tanks can you keep putting on site?"
Several scientists also raised concerns about the vulnerability of the huge amount of stored water on site to another earthquake.
The storage problems are compounded by the ingress of ground water, running down from the surrounding hills. It mixes with radioactive water leaking out of the basements of the reactors and then some of it leaches into the sea, despite the best efforts of Tepco to stem the flow.
Some of the radioactive elements like caesium that are contained in the water can be filtered by the earth. Others are managing to get through and this worries watching experts.
"Our biggest concern right now is if some of the other isotopes such as strontium 90 which tend to be more mobile, get through these sediments in the ground water," said Dr Buesseler.
"They are entering the oceans at levels that then will accumulate in seafood and will cause new health concerns."
There are also worries about the spent nuclear fuel rods that are being cooled and stored in water pools on site. Mycle Schneider says these contain far more radioactive caesium than was emitted during the explosion at Chernobyl.
"There is absolutely no guarantee that there isn't a crack in the walls of the spent fuel pools. If salt water gets in, the steel bars would be corroded. It would basically explode the walls, and you cannot see that; you can't get close enough to the pools," he said.
The "worsening situation" at Fukushima has prompted a former Japanese ambassador to Switzerland to call for the withdrawal of Tokyo's Olympic bid.
In a letter to the UN secretary general, Mitsuhei Murata says the official radiation figures published by Tepco cannot be trusted. He says he is extremely worried about the lack of a sense of crisis in Japan and abroad.
This view is shared by Mycle Schneider, who is calling for an international taskforce for Fukushima.
"The Japanese have a problem asking for help. It is a big mistake; they badly need it."



Bechtel completes 110 MW Catalina solar photovoltaic project in California

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Bechtel announced today that the company has completed construction of the Catalina Solar Photovoltaic Generating Facility. The company designed the 110-megawatt alternating-current solar plant located in Southern California'sKern County. The facility will produce enough clean energy to power some 35,000 homes. 

"Catalina Solar is a strategic project for EDF Renewable Energy as it represents our largest utility-scale photovoltaic solar plant developed in North America," commented Mark Tholke, Vice President West Region for EDF Renewable Energy. "The project has been an important source of direct and indirect economic activity in Kern County, including over 500 workers on-site during construction. We are pleased to mark the end of construction and commence operation."
Catalina Solar is one of the world's largest photovoltaic facilities. It was built on 900 acres and includes a 7.2-mile (11.6-kilometer) transmission line that connects the facility to the substation.
"The successful completion of this project on behalf of EDF Renewable Energy will help make solar more cost competitive with other sources of energy," said Toby Seay, president of Bechtel's communications, renewables, and transmission business line. "The build of facilities like Catalina will help spur innovation around solar technologies and strengthen our use of clean, renewable power."

Bechtel is a global leader in the design and execution of complex power projects and has been at the forefront of the power industry for more than 60 years. In addition to its work on the Catalina Solar project, the company is building two other solar facilities in California: the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating Facility, which will be the world's largest concentrating solar thermal power facility when complete, and the California Valley Solar Ranch, one of the world's largest photovoltaic facilities currently under construction. 




AREVA to supply 130 wind turbines for new offshore wind energy projects

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Windreich GmbH will use 130, 5-megawatt (MW) wind turbines from French manufacturer AREVA, according to an agreement between the two companies.

The wind turbines will be installed in Windreich's 415 MW Baltic Eagle and 315 MW Ostseeschatz offshore wind farm projects - both of which are awaiting approval from Germany's Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Bloomberg reported.
The AREVA wind turbines feature an enlarged rotor diameter and new nacelle design, which should improve functionality. In a statement on its website, Windreich said the new turbines are expected to increase performance by 10 percent and are ideally suited for wind conditions in the Baltic Sea.
"The agreement is based on the long and positive cooperation between AREVA Wind and Windreich in the planning and implementation of offshore projects in the North Sea," Windreich said.

Energías renovables en Isla de Pascua

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En el marco de su visita a Rapa Nui, el Seremi de Energía, Rodrigo Sepúlveda materializó la inauguración de los proyectos de Energías Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC) concretados bajo el convenio entre la Subsecretaría de Energía y la Municipalidad de Isla de Pascua.





Se trata de la instalación de iluminación con energía solar fotovoltaica en espacios públicos de la isla: la multicancha Ara Piki, los juegos infantiles Hanga Roa Otai y en las plazas Libertad, Riro A Kainga y Toro Tekena. También se implementaron sistemas solares térmicos para agua caliente en diversos establecimientos públicos tales como: el Liceo Aldea Educativa Rapanui, el Centro de Adulto Mayor, el Hogar de Menores y el Gimnasio Municipal Koro Paina Kori. Estos sistemas térmicos beneficiaron a un total de 205 personas.



En este contexto el Seremi de Energía, junto a la Gobernadora Provincial de Isla de Pascua, Carmen Cardinali; el Alcalde de Hanga Roa, Pedro Edmunds; el Seremi del Medio Ambiente, Gonzalo Le Dantec; el Encargado regional de Valparaíso de la SUBDERE, Matías Planas y los integrantes del Consejo Municipal de Haga Roa, llevaron a cabo la ceremonia de inauguración en los juegos infantiles Haga Roa Otai.



El alcalde, Pedro Edmunds, agradeció el convenio que les permitió utilizar estos espacios públicos e implementar las ERNC “Este es el Gobierno que más inversiones ha realizado para nosotros en la Isla de Pascua, y eso lo agradecemos y lo resaltamos, debido a que es parte del crecimiento que hemos tenido como sociedad”.



Por su parte, Sepúlveda indico que “el programa de gobierno del Presidente Sebastián Piñera otorgó siempre un importante énfasis al desarrollo de políticas, planes y programas de ERNC, ya que contribuyen con aumentar la seguridad del suministro, la eficiencia y la sustentabilidad ambiental de la energía tanto en la Isla de Pascua como en el Continente. Y hoy estamos contentos con los trabajos realizados gracias al convenio, del cual se han concretado la instalación de diversos sistemas de ERNC, entre ellas los paneles fotovoltaicos que hoy podemos ver en este lugar.”



A su vez indicó que se seguirán proponiendo proyectos para ampliar este tipo de instalaciones en otros lugares de Rapa Nui, pues se busca el mejor uso posible de la energía. “Esta visita servirá para llevar una actualización de los trabajos en materia energética y nos permitirá proponer nuevas acciones futuras para el buen funcionamiento y desarrollo del sector energético en la Isla” finalizó.




Vehículo eléctrico en Andalucía

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La Agencia Andaluza de la Energía dentro de la Orden de Subvenciones para el Desarrollo Energético Sostenible de Andalucía, “Andalucía A+”, financiado con fondos FEDER, ofrece ayudas a fondo perdido a empresas, entidades y ciudadanos para el desarrollo de estos proyectos. Así mismo, también apoya el fomento de proyectos emblemáticos de movilidad eléctrica.
Así, se han subvencionado con 250.000 euros, 5 microbuses de tracción eléctrica para el transporte urbano de Sevilla y Málaga, lo que supone un ahorro anual de 27.500 litros de gasóleo por vehículo. La movilidad eléctrica es una buena opción para las flotas urbanas y metropolitanas donde el recorrido, conocido a priori, no supera la autonomía de la batería del vehículo y donde se dota de los puntos de recarga en su lugar de pernocta.

Por otro lado, la Junta de Andalucía dispone de 13 vehículos eléctricos para cubrir el servicio de mensajería de las consejerías que se conectan a un sistema de gestión donde se registran los datos de carga, consumo y calidad disponible del suministro minuto a minuto, información sobre posibles incidencias durante el proceso de recarga, etc. El ahorro de combustible conseguido es de más de 20.000 litros anuales lo que supone un ahorro económico para la Junta de Andalucía superior a 24.000 euros al año.

El director general de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, Rafael Márquez, ha destacado que “el uso del vehículo eléctrico es en la actualidad, una clara opción de transporte en el entorno urbano y periurbano, capaz de cubrir gran parte de las necesidades de movilidad de ciudadanos, empresas y entidades públicas”. Asimismo ha añadido que “es una alternativa que va a contribuir a la implantación del nuevo modelo energético más sostenible, que viene impulsando el gobierno andaluz y que busca construir sistemas energéticos que fomenten el ahorro y la eficiencia en el uso de la energía, así como la sustitución paulatina de las fuentes de energía convencionales por otras de naturaleza renovable y la optimización del sistema eléctrico”.
La Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, a través de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, ha subvencionado desde 2009 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2013 más de 3.647 vehículos eficientes, como la tecnología híbrida, con 8,7 millones de euros que han supuesto una inversión de 71,2 millones de euros. Con ellos, se ha evitado la emisión a la atmósfera de 7.300 toneladas de CO2. De esos vehículos, 206 se han adquirido en la provincia de Almería. Para la delegada territorial de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Adriana Valverde, el creciente interés por los vehículos eléctricos e híbridos “indica que estamos avanzando hacia un nuevo modelo energético más sostenible, gracias al desarrollo que han tenido estas tecnologías y la mayor concienciación social”.

La Agencia Andaluza de la Energía prevé que gracias a los vehículos incentivados se consiga un ahorro energético global equivalente a más de 3,1 millones de litros de combustible.

El vehículo híbrido tiene dos motores que se complementan entre sí: uno térmico, de gasolina, y otro eléctrico, que es el que se utiliza para arrancar el motor y circular por ciudad. Precisamente, la eficiencia de este tipo de tecnología se optimiza en recorridos urbanos porque el motor de combustión del vehículo híbrido se detiene en los semáforos y aprovecha las frenadas y los descensos para recargar su batería. Cuando estamos en un atasco, acelerando y desacelerando, -momento en el que los vehículos convencionales consumen más carburante-, el híbrido utiliza su motor eléctrico.

En el resto de provincias andaluzas la distribución de vehículos incentivos por la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía es la siguiente: Sevilla 1.213, Málaga 705, Cádiz 524, Granada 472, Córdoba 311, Huelva 91 y Jaén 125 vehículos. Los ciudadanos pueden adquirir un vehículo eficiente siguiendo un sencillo procedimiento. Tan sólo tienen que acudir a alguno de los concesionarios adheridos y será el propio comerciante mediante tramitación telemática, el que presente la solicitud en nombre del ciudadano, entidad o empresa al Programa de subvenciones para el desarrollo energético “Andalucía A+” de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía. El usuario recibirá el descuento equivalente directamente en su factura y no tendrá que realizar ninguna otra gestión con la Administración.
La Agencia Andaluza de la Energía dentro de la Orden de Subvenciones para el Desarrollo Energético Sostenible de Andalucía, “Andalucía A+”, financiado con fondos FEDER, ofrece ayudas a fondo perdido a empresas, entidades y ciudadanos para el desarrollo de estos proyectos. Así mismo, también apoya el fomento de proyectos emblemáticos de movilidad eléctrica.

Así, se han subvencionado con 250.000 euros, 5 microbuses de tracción eléctrica para el transporte urbano de Sevilla y Málaga, lo que supone un ahorro anual de 27.500 litros de gasóleo por vehículo. La movilidad eléctrica es una buena opción para las flotas urbanas y metropolitanas donde el recorrido, conocido a priori, no supera la autonomía de la batería del vehículo y donde se dota de los puntos de recarga en su lugar de pernocta.

Por otro lado, la Junta de Andalucía dispone de 13 vehículos eléctricos para cubrir el servicio de mensajería de las consejerías que se conectan a un sistema de gestión donde se registran los datos de carga, consumo y calidad disponible del suministro minuto a minuto, información sobre posibles incidencias durante el proceso de recarga, etc. El ahorro de combustible conseguido es de más de 20.000 litros anuales lo que supone un ahorro económico para la Junta de Andalucía superior a 24.000 euros al año.

El director general de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, Rafael Márquez, ha destacado que “el uso del vehículo eléctrico es en la actualidad, una clara opción de transporte en el entorno urbano y periurbano, capaz de cubrir gran parte de las necesidades de movilidad de ciudadanos, empresas y entidades públicas”. Asimismo ha añadido que “es una alternativa que va a contribuir a la implantación del nuevo modelo energético más sostenible, que viene impulsando el gobierno andaluz y que busca construir sistemas energéticos que fomenten el ahorro y la eficiencia en el uso de la energía, así como la sustitución paulatina de las fuentes de energía convencionales por otras de naturaleza renovable y la optimización del sistema eléctrico”.


 

Jamaica identifies four wind energy sites

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As the search for affordable energy solutions continues, Wigton Windfarm Limited, a subsidiary of the Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ), is reporting encouraging findings from a recently completed Wind Resource Assessment, which identified four locations suitable for wind energy development with a combined potential generating capacity of 212 million kWh annually.

The study, which assessed 24 prospective sites across the island, highlighted four locations which were found to have “excellent energy yield (each) featuring more than 5,300 MWh/a”.  If these sites were exploited, it could reduce national oil consumption by at least 124,706 barrels per year which would trim close to J$ 1.27 billion off the annual energy bill.
The sites, which have been recommended for further development, are: Winchester at the foot of the John Crow Mountains in St. Thomas, Kemps Hill in Clarendon and Rose Hill and Top Lincoln in Manchester, both of which are close to Wigton’s existing facilities.
Of the proposed areas, Rose Hill had been identified by Wigton as a location for potential expansion from as early as 2006.  The area will be the site of a 24 MW wind farm facility which formed the basis of Wigton’s submission to the Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR) in response to a Request for Proposals for 115 MW of electricity generation capacity from renewable energy sources.  In addition, the study gives strong endorsement to Winchester, describing that location as “by far the best wind site surveyed so far”. 
The Wind Resource Assessment was carried out as part of a Wind and Solar Development Programme which is being implemented by Wigton under a funding agreement between the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the PCJ.  The Programme aims to increase Jamaica’s utilisation of renewables by developing photovoltaic and wind power plants to supply the national grid.
Under the Wind Assessment, extensive data was collected during a nation-wide wind measuring campaign which was conducted between November 2011 and January 2012.  General Manager of the Wigton Windfarm, Earl Barrett said the information garnered from the study is critical as the push continues to develop Jamaica’s fledging renewable energy industry.
“With our current focus on utilising our natural resources to address our energy challenges both the government and the private sector need credible information to make development and investment decisions about viable energy solutions,” he explained.
“The national Wind Resource Assessment will be a great resource to the majority of interests in Jamaica’s Energy Sector, but we hope it will be particularly useful for potential investors,” the General Manager said.
“Among other things, the study highlights some of the most advantageous locations for wind energy development and we hope this will pique the interest of commercial players in the local and overseas energy industries,” he added.
The Wind Assessment Report is now available on the PCJ’s website www.pcj.com. Interested persons can also visit the PCJ’s library at 36 Trafalgar Road to access the report. 


Concentrated Solar Power capacity to grow rapidly to 2020

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The company's “Annual Renewable Energy Outlook 2013” expects a 45% annual growth rate for CSP from 2010 to 2015 to reach 8.3 GW. 


Frost & Sullivan predicts that global solar photovoltaic (PV) capacities will grow 21% annually to reach 247.5 GW in 2020, but that concentrating solar power (CSP) will grow at the fastest rate of any renewable energy technology during this decade.
The company's “Annual Renewable Energy Outlook 2013” expects a 45% annual growth rate for CSP from 2010 to 2015 to reach 8.3 GW. In the following five years, Frost & Sullivan expects growth rates for both technologies to slow to 11% for PV and 22% for CSP, with CSP reaching 22.7 GW by the decade's end.
While the report notes both declining investments and slowed market growth in 2012, its projections show that on the global scale it expects both trends to reverse shortly.
The report also notes changing geographic trends for PV and CSP, noting that both technologies are moving away from well-established markets to emerging regions. Frost & Sullivan notes that Europe is expected to fall to only 40% of new PV installations in 2013, down from 58% in 2012.
For CSP, Frost & Sullivan notes the slowdown in the established markets of the Spain and the United States, and a shift to emerging markets including the Middle East and North Africa.
It also describes the addition of thermal storage and an increase in hybrid fossil fuel/CSP technologies as key technology trends that will allow CSP to overcome its higher prices compared to PV.
The report forecasts that as PV markets grow, they will reach 24% of new renewable energy capacity added from 2010-2015, but slow to only 22% in 2020.
PV will make up a larger share of installed capacity, to grow to 8.3% of existing renewable energy capacity by 2015 and 11% by 2020. Hydro is expected to remain the largest source of renewable capacity, falling to 57% in 2020 from 77% in 2010.
Frost & Sullivan predicts that the EU will remain the largest source of new non-hydro renewable energy capacity at 209 GW over the decade, but with the slowest annual growth rate of any region at only 10%. For sheer scale China is in second place with 165 GW of new renewables, at a 17% growth rate.
The report expects the highest growth rates in the Middle East at 38% over the decade, to reach 8.5 GW of new non-hydro renewables. Africa is also expected to grow rapidly, with a 22% growth rate over the decade to reach 12.2 GW.
This is in line with the increasing geographic spread of renewable energy, and the company notes that the number of nations with renewable energy support policies has increased from 50 in the early part of the last decade to over 120.







Goldpoly signs conditional agreementfor acquisition of 400 MW solar power plants

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Goldpoly New Energy Holdings Limited( http://www.goldpoly.hk ) ("Goldpoly" or "the Company,"HK stockcode:686, whose largest shareholder is China Merchants New Energy Group "CMNE"),today announced that it entered into an agreement with GD Solar Co Ltd("GD Solar"), NARI Technology Development Co Ltd("NARI"), GUODIAN Inner Mongolia New Energy Investment Ltd ("GUODIAN Inner Mongolia New Energy"), Poly Solar Technologies (Beijing) Co Ltd("Poly Solar Technologies") and Forty-eighth Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corp ("Forty-eighth Research Institute")for the acquisition of 400MW of solar power plants, subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions. Mr. Alan LI, Executive Director/CEO of Goldpoly; Mr. XU Zhong, General Manager of GD Solar; Mr. WANG Changbao, Deputy General Manager of NARI; Mr. WANG Xiujun, Director of GUODIAN Inner Mongolia New Energy; Ms. TENG Aihua, General Manager of Poly Solar Technologies and Mr. LIU Jidong, Head of Forty-eighth Research Institute signed the agreement on behalf of all parties today.


According to the agreement, GD Solar, NARI, GUODIAN Inner Mongolia New Energy, Poly Solar Technologies and Forty-eighth Research Institute will build solar power plants in China. GD Solar will conduct engineering, procurement and construction ("EPC") activities and own 100% equity in the projects. Goldpoly will acquire the projects from GD Solar after the solar power plants are connected to grids and have passed inspections. Goldpoly will acquire from GD Solar certain completed solar power plants with an aggregate electricity generation capacity of approximately 400MW.

The acquisition's fulfillment conditions include having passed relevant PRC government regulatory requirements; obtaining all approval documents from relevant government authorities; completing construction and having been connected to grids; EPC contracts having been approved by third party and financial requirements etc. Provided that the internal rate of return for the total investment of the Company will not be less than 9%, the consideration will be calculated based on the on-grid electricity price and other data as a reference.

Mr. XU Zhong, General Manager of GD Solar said, "GD Solar has been committed to the development and application of new energy since its setup. With this partnership, we will bring into play to the overall strength and successful experience of our project design, equipment, construction, installation, commissioning and operational capabilities to provide the most reliable quality assurance for the future with Goldpoly and CMNE's long-term cooperation based on a solid foundation, and also boost the confidence of the entire PV industry."

Mr. Alan LI, Executive Director/CEO of Goldpoly, said: "We are very pleased to promote the solar application market and the photovoltaic industry's healthy development alongside photovoltaic enterprises, while also building up a long-term strategic partnership. We believe that by leveraging industry experience along with the commitment of photovoltaic industry peers of all parties, we will work together to enhance the industrial process as well as to achieve a greener level of social responsibility. Goldpoly will continue to expand its footprint in the solar power business through these projects and to become one of the world's leading photovoltaic power plant operators, while striving to achieve the dream of building green homes."

Goldpoly New Energy Holdings Limited (the "Company") is engaged in the investment, development and operation of solar power stations in the PRC, and has a polysilicon solar cell factory in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, PRC. The Company is listed on the main board in Hong Kong (stock code: 686). On 10 June 2013, the Company completed the acquisition of China Merchants New Energy Holdings Limited, a company focused on the investment, development and operation of solar power stations. Following the acquisition, China Merchants New Energy Holdings Limited became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company turned a new page of development since then, and commenced to fully integrate the solar power stations business to create a leading global operations platform for photovoltaic power stations.


Las energías renovables (eólica, termosolar y energía solar fotovoltaica) suponen ya el 38% de la potencia eléctrica total en Andalucía

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La tecnología eólica es la que más aporta, con un 50% del total, seguida de la termosolar o energía solar termoeléctrica, con un 18%.



Las energías renovables suponen ya el 38% de la potencia eléctrica total en Andalucía, lo que representa un incremento en el último lustro de casi el 300% (hace cinco años era el 13%), según datos de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, entidad adscrita a la Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo.

En concreto, la región cuenta con 6.025 MW de potencia eléctrica renovable, siendo la tecnología eólica, con más de 3.320 MW, la que más aporta. Le sigue la solar termoeléctrica, con más de 947 MW, y la solar fotovoltaica, con más de 856 MW.

La implicación de todos los sectores relacionados con las ‘energías limpias’ y el apoyo institucional está permitiendo el avance de Andalucía hacia un desarrollo energético sostenible donde priman las fuentes renovables.

El Gobierno andaluz considera las energías renovables y el ahorro y eficiencia energética como un sector estratégico para la economía andaluza, ya que implica a cerca de 1.400 empresas, que emplean a más de 44.000 personas y han movilizado hasta ahora más de 11.000 millones de euros en inversiones. Una actividad que acumula además experiencia en investigación y liderazgo tecnológico que ha permitido que actualmente Andalucía será referente en esta materia.

Así, Andalucía es la primera región de Europa con centrales termosolares en funcionamiento, con más de 947 MW distribuidos en 23 centrales (dos experimentales), que abastecen a una población equivalente de 477.000 hogares y evitan más de 757.000 toneladas de CO2 anuales a la atmósfera, como si se retiraran de la circulación 479.000 vehículos.

En materia de energía solar fotovoltaica, la región posee actualmente más de 848 MW de potencia eléctrica instalada conectada a red, que la sitúan como la segunda comunidad española en esta tecnología.

Además, dispone de más de 8 MW de instalaciones fotovoltaicas aisladas, lo que la sitúa como primera en cuanto a potencia instalada en esta tecnología, con más del 38% del total nacional. Estas instalaciones se utilizan generalmente para abastecer a viviendas rurales y bombeos de agua, ubicados en zonas de sierra y alejados de la red eléctrica.

En lo que se refiere a energía solar térmica para la producción de agua caliente sanitaria, la región es líder en España con 819.056 metros cuadrados de superficie instalada.

Energía eólica

En energía eólica, la Andalucía ocupa el cuarto lugar en el ranking español, con 148 parques con una potencia de más de 3.320MW, el 50% del total de las energías renovables. En los últimos cinco años, se ha multiplicado por cinco la potencia eólica instalada. Actualmente, la energía del viento produce la electricidad necesaria para el equivalente a 1,42 millones de viviendas. Gracias a ella, se está evitando la emisión a la atmósfera de casi 2,5 millones de toneladas de CO2, como si se retiraran de la circulación casi un millón y medio de vehículos.

Biomasa

Otra tecnología renovable en la que Andalucía es líder es la biomasa eléctrica. La región cuenta una potencia total de 257,48 megavatios distribuidas en 18 plantas. A esto se suma la energía que aportan las 16 plantas de aprovechamiento del gas de vertedero (biogás), que en los últimos años están proliferando en Andalucía, con una potencia eléctrica total instalada de más de 26 MW.

En el marco también de la biomasa, la comunidad andaluza es la primera en capacidad de producción de biocarburantes. Según datos de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, dispone de 11 plantas finalizadas con una capacidad instalada de 836,60 kilotoneladas equivalentes de petróleo al año. En Andalucía se contabilizan 94 biogasolineras que, además de los combustibles tradicionales, disponen también de surtidores de biodiesel. El listado de las mismas puede encontrarse en el Mapa de Biocarburantes y Combustibles limpios de la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía.

Energía Geotérmica

La energía geotérmica se abre paso en el panorama de las energías renovables andaluzas. El interior de la tierra almacena, en forma de calor, una fuente de energía inagotable y limpia que permite que, mediante la tecnología de bomba de calor, se puedan realizar instalaciones de climatización (calefacción y refrigeración). En Andalucía, según los datos aportados por la Agencia Andaluza de la Energía, existe un importante potencial, principalmente, en el entorno de Granada, Sevilla y Córdoba.

La Agencia de la Energía apuesta por la incorporación de esta fuente renovable en hogares y empresas apoyando su implantación con el Programa de Subvenciones al Desarrollo Energético Sostenible ‘Andalucía A+’. Así, desde febrero de 2009 hasta el 30 de mayo de 2013, se han incentivado 50 proyectos geotérmicos, con 664.097 euros que han movilizado una inversión en la región de 2,2 millones de euros y con los que se está evitando la emisión de 143 toneladas de CO2 a la atmósfera.

La mayoría de estas actuaciones han sido solicitadas por ciudadanos para instalaciones de calefacción por suelo radiante, existiendo también instalaciones con radiadores en aquellos casos en los que se ha efectuado una sustitución de caldera.




China approves 1.8 GW of self-consumption solar photovoltaic projects

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Solarbuzz has published an analysis which predicts that up to 750 MW of self-consumption distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) plants may begin construction by the end of 2013.
Solar PV Demand from the Asia Pacific Region

According to NPD Solarbuzz Analyst Steven Han, China's Bureau of Energy has released the first batch of Distributed PV Generation Application Demonstration plants, which total 1.8 GW. These plants will be eligible for China's feed-in tariff and other incentives.
“The prioritization for self-consumption of PV power generation by the Bureau of Energy appears clear now,” notes Han. “This should accelerate the completion of approved pipelines and will help to grow the rooftop segment of the Chinese PV market significantly in the next few quarters.”
16 commercial developers and two utility developers were approved to build the projects in 10 provinces, with the largest portion at 378 MW in Beijing and 350 MW in Zhejiang.
These developers can claim the nation's feed-in tariff of CNY 0.42 (USD 0.069) per kWh, as well as a desulfurization tariff. Han notes that developers can claim additional incentives in some regions including Jiangsu and Anhui.
Han notes that financing and tariff distribution timelines have been barriers for developers, but says that policies will be established in the second half of 2013 to address these issues, citing un-named sources.
CECP (Beijing) received the largest number of projects at 200 MW, followed by Remote Power (Beijing) at 178 MW. All developer groups have committed to self-consumption levels of at least 70%, with Yingli Green Energy (Baoding, China) and Freesolar committing to 100%. 

Record PV Demand from China and Japan Marks Turning Point for Solar Industry
Solar photovoltaic (PV) demand from China and Japan during 2H’13 is forecast to reach 9 GW, representing an increase of 100% compared to 1H’13 and 70% compared to 2H’12. Overall, PV demand from the Asia Pacific (APAC) region will exceed 16 GW during 2013, up 90% Y/Y, and will account for over 40% of global PV demand this year, according to findings in the new NPD Solarbuzz Asia Pacific Major PV Markets Quarterly.
“The record level of PV shipments to China and Japan coincides with corporate margins returning to positive territory and the final shakeout phase of uncompetitive manufacturers nearing completion,” according to Finlay Colville, vice president at NPD Solarbuzz. “Having entered 2013 with a highly cautious outlook, tier-one suppliers are poised to exit the year with restored confidence, ahead of optimistic shipment and margin guidance for 2014.”
China is forecast to become the top country for PV deployment in 2013. During Q2’13, rooftop installation demand in China exceeded ground-mount installations for the first time, stimulated by government plans to develop the distributed generation segment. However, as bottlenecks related to project financing and grid accessibility for solar farms are resolved, 2H’13 will see strong ground-mount deployment from China Power Investment, China Guangdong Nuclear, Three Gorges Group, and other utility developers.
Japan continues to be the most active PV market this year, with growth of 150% in 2013 compared to the prior calendar year and a forecast of over 5 GW in the pipeline for installations before the end of Q2’14. PV demand in Japan during 2H’13 will be driven by the commercial and utility segments with 65% market share, in contrast to 2H’12 when the residential segment accounted for over 75% of demand.
Within the other key APAC markets, Australia and India, solar PV demand is being affected by policy disruptions. India is subject to delays in Phase II of the National Solar Mission, the ongoing anti-dumping case, and the prospect of reduced feed-in-tariff (FIT) payments. Within Australia, forthcoming elections and uncertainty over the future of the carbon tax and the Renewable Energy Target are also hindering growth.
While China and Japan are currently fuelling project pipelines, demand from the APAC region remains highly dependent on Chinese and Japanese FITs. In Japan, the market is also showing signs of strain: module shortages have been reported, and developers are being forced into remote geographic areas.
“End-market growth in China and Japan has become essential to support domestic manufacturers and project developers, in addition to contributing to renewable targets,” added Colville. “However, we do not yet know how far the subsidies will be reduced during 2014 or how much capacity can be added before market caps on annual PV installations will become necessary.”

Leading Solar PV Suppliers Reach Record Shipment Levels in Q2’13
uarterly solar photovoltaic (PV) module shipments for the 20 leading PV manufacturers exceeded 5.8 gigawatts (GW) during the second quarter of 2013 (Q2’13). This record-high module shipment volume represents 21% growth from the Q2’12 level of 4.8 GW, according to findings in the new NPD Solarbuzz Module Tracker Quarterly.
When the final results become available over the next few weeks they are expected to show that Chinese tier-one manufacturers, including Yingli Green Energy, Trina Solar, Jinko Solar, Renesola, and Hanwha SolarOne broke their quarterly module shipment records in Q2’13. In particular, Yingli Green Energy’s quarterly shipments are expected to have reached 0.8 GW, which would represent a new world record for any single PV supplier.
“Yingli Green Energy has been strongly focused on market share gains over the past four quarters,” said Ray Lian, senior analyst at NPD Solarbuzz. “The company is rapidly approaching 10% global market share, and has now become the clear leader in megawatt shipments. The leading solar PV suppliers are now starting to pull away from the pack, which provides strong evidence that the anticipated industry consolidation is finally in progress.”


Q2’13 Global PV Module Shipment
However, setting new records in shipments is not the only tactic being employed. Some module suppliers are prioritizing profitability over market share, resulting in only moderate shipment increases for Q2’13. Priorities for this subset of suppliers include downstream project expansions or market share gains in only premium-price regions.
In Japan, the highest growth PV end-market today, Chinese tier-one manufacturers Canadian Solar and JA Solar have now become the leading overseas module suppliers. However, buyers in Japan remains strongly loyal to Sharp Solar, Kyocera, Solar Frontier, Panasonic, and other domestic brands. Over the past four quarters, these four suppliers have accounted for 54% of modules shipped by the 20 leading module suppliers to Japan.


 



 


Pain in Spain for domestic photovoltaic industry

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The latest episode of Spanish draft regulations regarding electricity market reform and electricity tariff deficits appears, once again, to be unfavorable towards renewable energies. If enacted in Q4’13 as drafted, PV demand would decline and this could also become the final retroactive revenue penalty that assigns “toxic” PV assets to a “bad-bank”.

Regarding the drafted retroactive impact on existing PV operator revenue expectations, a radical change is made from incentive rate remuneration to assuring those operators a “reasonable” 7.5% return on their original investment.  In the meantime, current remuneration of incentives is “on account” and is subject to future terms.
Three firms have been enlisted by the administration to work out the mechanism details using data provided by the administration and related agencies. The Spanish PV Association, UNEF, has referred to the latest turn of events as “covert expropriation” and the negative impact on many private PV operators.
Regarding drafted future impact, barriers are being put up for PV market growth in the form of grid-access fees (called a backup toll) and administrative issues that could curb the potential market for onsite consumption applications.
Overall, the current environment reflects the unsustainable incentives and conflicting business models within a traditional market of regulatory formation from 1997, while maintaining legacy aspects related to hydro and coal resources.
Economic reports indicate that banks have loaned €38 billion to renewable energy projects in Spain, €20 billion of which falls on Spanish bank entities. This comprises about 60,000 PV installations whose defaults may sum to €20 billion, of which €14 billion are of Spanish entities. So far, only BBVA and Santander have quantified their renewables loan exposures at €1.9 billion and €1.5 billion respectively, which collectively amount to less than 10% of total loan exposure in all renewables.
Spanish banks are not in a hurry to see a repeat of the real estate boom/bust outcome that resulted in them effectively becoming agency-branches that are required to sell property stock. Current default provision estimates for renewable energy loans are around €10 billion, but that figure is likely to change.
While the Spanish PV bubble may provide greater than €10 billion of default risk, the government did prepare a first-round bank rescue request to EU of €100 billion and the current bank rescue outlay is around €60 billion. Public debt would absorb this if the banks do not repay, in addition to airports that were built but are yet to see commercial operations, high speed train links built and later shut down, and desalinization plants built but not energized.
The Minister of Industry has stated publicly that most renewable energy operators will need to re-negotiate their loan contracts on the basis of the new regulation terms, and the Minister further believes they should have no problems in this regard.
In summary, there have been no policy-positives for PV within Spain since 2007 and the RD661 regulation that set a 400 MW target that became more than 3 GW in reality with highly attractive FIT remuneration. Since then, a succession of major impositions on PV has resulted in unprecedented punitive actions.  On this occasion, it would be further retroactive penalties through a new trade mechanism, and negating future market demand for onsite consumption.
One positive that can be taken from this latest episode is greater visibility on more aspects of the Spanish electricity market. The administration’s stance and actions appear to assign tariff-deficit blame primarily on renewable energies, in spite of some conflicting data and analysis in existence.
The over-capacity situation of the Spanish generating fleet (currently +100 GW against a 45 GW peak, with little electricity export facility) includes 26 GW of gas-fired combined cycle generators installed during 2002–2010 according to government energy planning.
In the current reform case, the Minister of Industry announced that as much as 6 GW of the combined cycle fleet could be “hibernated”.  While the 26 GW grouping has been operating at about 30% capacity for several years (and in Q1’13 at just 10%), they have also enjoyed a stand-by payment (capacity payment) which the ministry expects to reduce on this reform.
Also, now the administration is highlighting the over-capacity situation as a further reason to pull back on renewable alternatives.
The near term PV outlook in Spain is for further declines, if the drafted regulations are enacted. The current most-likely forecast for 2013 is just 68 MW before any enactment impact, well down on the high of 2008 when annual demand exceeded 2.4 GW. With enactment, annual demand is likely to remain at low levels during 2014 also.
Despite this, there is currently more than 9 GW of developer-announced PV “macro-projects” of greater than 50 MW, seeking to compete on the open electricity market without premium incentives or guaranteed sales. There are several barriers to these macro-projects including project financing and operating with very tight margins between cost of electricity and daily market rates (that are typically closer to €0.03/kWh than €0.06/kWh). In addition is the now highlighted over-capacity situation which should reasonable preclude new capacity of any sort.










Mortenson begins construction on 161 MW Spinning Spur II wind farm

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Mortenson Construction’s Renewable Energy Groups has started construction on the Spinning Spur II Wind Energy Project located in Oldham County, Texas.

Situated on 27 square miles of farmland in the Texas Panhandle, the 161 megawatt (MW) project will be comprised of 87, 1.85 MW, 80-meter GE wind  turbines. Mortenson’s overall scope of work will include engineering, procurement and construction of all access roads, foundations, wind turbine erection, collection system, operations and maintenance building and the installation of MET towers.

This will be the 21st project that Mortenson has built in the Lone Star State to date and the 25th project for EDF EN North America in both the U.S. and Canada.

"Spinning Spur represents a significant milestone for us," said Tim Maag, VP and General Manager of Mortenson Construction’s Wind Energy group. "It has been a privilege to have built 24 successful wind projects together, and we applaud EDF Renewable Energy’s continued commitment to expanding their renewable energy footprint."

Mortenson Renewable Energy Groups expects to hire approximately 200 people throughout the course of construction of the project, which is scheduled to be completed in May of 2014.

As one of the first projects to connect to the CREZ transmission lines, Spinning Spur II will generate enough electricity to power approximately 50,000 households.



Brazil wind energy auction sells at $46.37 per MWh

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Brazil's first wind energy of the year contracted new generating capacity for an average price of 110.51 Brazilian reais ($46.37) per megawatt-hour.
 
At the auction, energy distributors agreed to buy about 1,500 megawatts of new generating capacity, set to come online by September 2015.
Projects with a total capacity of almost 9,000 megawatts had signed up to participate in the auction. Contracts are awarded to companies that offer to sell energy for the lowest price to the country's electricity distributors.
A total of 66 wind farms successfully bid for contracts to supply backup energy to Brazil's national electricity grid for a period of 20 years. According to the CCEE, the winning bidders will need to invest about BRL5.46 billion to build the wind farms.
This was the first wind energy auction that operated under stricter rules. To participate, companies had to have access to existing transmission networks. That was meant to avoid past instances when wind farms in Brazil were completed before the accompanying transmission networks, leading to wind-farm owners getting paid even though they were unable to transmit the generated power to consumers.
In order to ensure that the wind farms would be able to deliver the promised energy, the government also changed the way it calculates the generating capacity bidders can sell. In previous auctions, the bidders were allowed to offer energy for which they could assure generation 50% of the time, but for this round bidders had to guarantee that they could generate the contracted energy 90% of the time.



Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight

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The Airbus A320 of LAN airlines is seen at the Alfonso Bonilla Aragon airport after finishing Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight in Cali, Colombia, on August 21, 2013. 
An operator of the Alfonso Bonilla Aragon airport receives passengers of Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight in Cali, Colombia, on August 21, 2013. LAN Airlines launched on Wednesday its first commercial flight from Bogota to Cali using biofuel of the second generation, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, according to local media. (Xinhua/Jhon Paz)

A biofuel sample is shown to passengers of Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight in Cali, Colombia, on August 21, 2013. LAN Airlines launched on Wednesday its first commercial flight from Bogota to Cali using biofuel of the second generation, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, according to local media. (Xinhua/Jhon Paz)

LAN Airlines launched on Wednesday its first commercial flight from Bogota to Cali using biofuel of the second generation, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, according to local media. [Photo: Xinhua/Jhon Paz]

A flight attendant turns back on Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight in Cali on August 21, 2013. LAN Airlines launched on Wednesday its first commercial flight from Bogota to Cali using biofuel of the second generation, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, according to local media. (Xinhua/Jhon Paz)







Airline LAN Colombia on Wednesday carried out the South American country's first biofuel-powered commercial flight, opening a new chapter in its bid to cut greenhouse gas emissions.







The flight, which took some 170 passengers from the capital to Cali, a city in southwestern Colombia, was a "milestone," said Ignacio Cueto, CEO of LAN Airlines, the parent company of LAN Colombia.




The Airbus A320 of LAN airlines is seen at the Alfonso Bonilla Aragon airport after finishing Colombia's first commercial biofuel flight in Cali, Colombia, on August 21, 2013. LAN Airlines launched on Wednesday its first commercial flight from Bogota to Cali using biofuel of the second generation, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, according to local media. (Xinhua/Jhon Paz)




"LAN aims to develop sustainable biofuels for commercial flights that have high potential ... in South America, and this is undoubtedly another significant sign for the industry's future," Cueto said.







"The renewable energy sources play a significant role in global aviation and will increasingly mark the decision-making in the sector, and in our company," the LAN chief added.







The Bogota-Cali route, said Cueto, was specifically chosen in recognition of Cali's role in pioneering biofuels production.







LAN Airlines, based in the Chilean capital of Santiago, opened its first biofuel-powered flight in March 2012, which flies between Santiago and Concepcion, another Chilean city.




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